I dont know that any of these can be sustainably accomplished without security. 25 years ago, Haiti and the Dominican Republic were on roughly the same level. Corruption was/is an issue in both countries, but the more Haiti became impoversihed, the more its politicians benefited. Successive governments became, as Paul Farmer puts it, "kleptocracies". Haiti's resources were drained. Haitians and Dominicans alike wanted to come to the United States to become financially secure, and then return to their countries to make a difference. Dominicans continue to do that, but it is a much harder sell for Haitians living in the United States and especially for those who have families. I dont think that we can count on most of them to ever return to Haiti for any extended period of time. In some ways, Haitian Americans may be able to do more good in the United States for Haiti, particularly when it comes to engaging American policy makers on local, state, and federal levels. The Cubans have been able to influence national and international politics through their activism in just one state. Haitians have a strong presence in three important American States: Florida, Massachusetts, and New York. Haiti needs its Diaspora more than ever before. Ideas on how to encourage their ongoing involvement are welcome!